Journal: Microsystems & Nanoengineering
Article Title: Tunable parity-time symmetry vortex laser from a phase change material-based microcavity
doi: 10.1038/s41378-023-00622-z
Figure Lengend Snippet: a Spectra of the background gain-dependent cavity quality factor at various \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j$$\end{document} j . Increasing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${n}_{b}$$\end{document} n b is used to mimic the uniform pumping produced by a gain-increasing process of InGaAsP microring. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q$$\end{document} Q factor is ~365 for the ring cavity without gain. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q$$\end{document} Q factor increases with the gain coefficiency by orders of magnitude, showing that the loss is compensated by the gain. Moreover, the inset shows a detailed enlarged image of the peak. b Characteristic frequency of the microring laser at various \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j$$\end{document} j . The vortex beam laser is at the EP ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${n}^{{\prime} }={n}^{\prime\prime}=$$\end{document} n ′ = n ″ = 0.01) with crystallization ratios of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j=$$\end{document} j = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1. The theoretical value is calculated by Eq. , and the simulated value is obtained by COMSOL Multiphysics simulation
Article Snippet: With the finite element method, a numerical simulation of the parity-time symmetry vortex laser was performed using the fluctuating optics module (electromagnetic wave: frequency domain) of the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics.
Techniques: Produced, Crystallization Assay
![a Spectra of the background gain-dependent cavity quality factor at various \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j$$\end{document} j . Increasing \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${n}_{b}$$\end{document} n b is used to mimic the uniform pumping produced by a gain-increasing process of InGaAsP microring. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q$$\end{document} Q factor is ~365 for the ring cavity without gain. The \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$Q$$\end{document} Q factor increases with the gain coefficiency by orders of magnitude, showing that the loss is compensated by the gain. Moreover, the inset shows a detailed enlarged image of the peak. b Characteristic frequency of the microring laser at various \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j$$\end{document} j . The vortex beam laser is at the EP ( \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${n}^{{\prime} }={n}^{\prime\prime}=$$\end{document} n ′ = n ″ = 0.01) with crystallization ratios of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$j=$$\end{document} j = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1. The theoretical value is calculated by Eq. , and the simulated value is obtained by COMSOL <t>Multiphysics</t> simulation](https://pub-med-central-images-cdn.bioz.com/pub_med_central_ids_ending_with_8240/pmc10638240/pmc10638240__41378_2023_622_Fig3_HTML.jpg)